> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://linux-on-nabu.gitbook.io/linux-for-mi-pad-5/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://linux-on-nabu.gitbook.io/linux-for-mi-pad-5/installation-guide/generic-installation-guide.md). # Generic installation guide A generic guide for installing most Linux distributions. This document is a guide for installing generic Linux on your Xiaomi Mi Pad 5 with the latest mainline kernel. [***We don’t take any responsibility for any damage done to your device. By following this guide, you agree to take full responsibility of your actions.***](#user-content-fn-1)[^1] {% hint style="info" %} **PLEASE READ SLOWLY AND CAREFULLY!! BE SURE TO UNDERSTAND THE ENTIRE GUIDE BEFORE STARTING!!** **Don’t run all commands at once** and **don’t rerun the commands if you interrupt the process**. You **need** to be familiar with command line interfaces beforehand and you **must not** commit any typo with any commands. *You may permanently break your device!* {% endhint %} {% hint style="info" %} If your distribution provider has a separate installation guide, follow their guides first, as our one may not suitable. {% endhint %} ### Get the images You can get the system images from these sites: * Maverick's Ubuntu and Arch Linux: * map220v's Ubuntu builder: (Refer the [new installation guide](/linux-for-mi-pad-5/installation-guide/ubuntu-installation-guide-new-method.md) to install it) * PostmarketOS via `pmbootstrap` * Arch Linux made by Timofey: Download them and continue... ## Generic installation #### Partition the UFS {% hint style="success" %} This procedure will not erase your Android data files, since Android will automatically fixing the `userdata` partition. {% endhint %} To modify the partitions on the UFS, we'll need to download a 3rd-party recovery environment called "Orangefox Recovery" [Link is here](/linux-for-mi-pad-5/download/resource-download.md). Once you've downloaded, open a terminal and type the following commands: ``` adb reboot bootloader fastboot boot /path/to/recovery.img ``` This will start booting recovery image. Once the screen is on, use the terminal to continue processing. We well use `adb shell` command to finish the rest of this guide. Enter this command in your terminal, it well help you to check the userdata partition's location: ``` ls -l /dev/block/bootdevice/by-name/ | grep userdata lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 1971-06-22 05:04 userdata -> /dev/block/sda31 #Example output will like this. ``` In this example, the `userdata` partition is located in the 31st partition of the whole disk. It has the biggest size, compared with other partitions. So this is the key for requiring new space for our Ubuntu installation. To resize the `userdata` partition, we'll need to use the [parted](https://renegade-project.tech/tools/parted.7z) command tools to do this. Now let's open `adb shell` again and start typing `parted` in the terminal. ``` parted /dev/block/sda GNU Parted 3.3 Using /dev/block/sda Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) ``` Enter `print` command to list all partitions for `/dev/block/sda` . {% hint style="info" %} If you are using newer recovery like [TWRP](https://sourceforge.net/projects/xiaomi-pad-5/files/TWRP/Android%2014/) or PBRP Recovery, you need to download `parted` and use `adb` command to copy it to internal storage. Run these commands to finish this: ``` adb push parted /tmp/ adb shell chmod 755 /tmp/parted adb shell ``` {% endhint %} Then you will see your current partition table with **`userdata` being the last partition**\ Below is an example of output: ``` (parted) print print Model: SAMSUNG KLUDG4UHDC-B0E1 (scsi) Disk /dev/block/sda: 126GB Sector size (logical/physical): 4096B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 24.6kB 32.8kB 8192B switch 2 32.8kB 65.5kB 32.8kB ssd 3 65.5kB 98.3kB 32.8kB dbg 4 98.3kB 131kB 32.8kB bk01 5 131kB 262kB 131kB bk02 6 262kB 524kB 262kB bk03 7 524kB 1049kB 524kB bk04 8 1049kB 1573kB 524kB keystore 9 1573kB 2097kB 524kB frp 10 2097kB 4194kB 2097kB countrycode 11 4194kB 8389kB 4194kB misc 12 8389kB 12.6MB 4194kB vm-data 13 12.6MB 16.8MB 4194kB bk06 14 16.8MB 25.2MB 8389kB logfs 15 25.2MB 33.6MB 8389kB ffu 16 33.6MB 50.3MB 16.8MB oops 17 50.3MB 67.1MB 16.8MB devinfo 18 67.1MB 83.9MB 16.8MB oem_misc1 19 83.9MB 101MB 16.8MB ext4 metadata 20 101MB 134MB 32.9MB bk08 21 134MB 168MB 34.2MB splash 22 168MB 201MB 33.6MB bk09 23 201MB 9328MB 9127MB super 24 9328MB 9328MB 131kB vbmeta_system_a 25 9328MB 9328MB 131kB vbmeta_system_b 26 9328MB 9396MB 67.1MB logdump 27 9396MB 9530MB 134MB minidump 28 9530MB 9664MB 134MB rawdump 29 9664MB 10.7GB 1074MB ext4 cust 30 10.7GB 10.9GB 134MB ext4 rescue 31 10.9GB 126GB 115GB userdata ``` Now let’s continue partitioning:\ Here the size of `userdata` can be decided by yourself. Delete partition 31 and again make sure it is not deleted incorrectly. ``` (parted) rm 31 rm 31 ``` {% hint style="info" %} 126GB is the `End` value for the new `userdata` partition.\ Since the starting point for `userdata` is 10.9GB, the new size would be `126G - 10.9G = 115G`. {% endhint %} Check the results: ``` (parted) print print Model: SAMSUNG KLUDG4UHDC-B0E1 (scsi) Disk /dev/block/sda: 126GB Sector size (logical/physical): 4096B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 24.6kB 32.8kB 8192B switch 2 32.8kB 65.5kB 32.8kB ssd 3 65.5kB 98.3kB 32.8kB dbg 4 98.3kB 131kB 32.8kB bk01 5 131kB 262kB 131kB bk02 6 262kB 524kB 262kB bk03 7 524kB 1049kB 524kB bk04 8 1049kB 1573kB 524kB keystore 9 1573kB 2097kB 524kB frp 10 2097kB 4194kB 2097kB countrycode 11 4194kB 8389kB 4194kB misc 12 8389kB 12.6MB 4194kB vm-data 13 12.6MB 16.8MB 4194kB bk06 14 16.8MB 25.2MB 8389kB logfs 15 25.2MB 33.6MB 8389kB ffu 16 33.6MB 50.3MB 16.8MB oops 17 50.3MB 67.1MB 16.8MB devinfo 18 67.1MB 83.9MB 16.8MB oem_misc1 19 83.9MB 101MB 16.8MB ext4 metadata 20 101MB 134MB 32.9MB bk08 21 134MB 168MB 34.2MB splash 22 168MB 201MB 33.6MB bk09 23 201MB 9328MB 9127MB super 24 9328MB 9328MB 131kB vbmeta_system_a 25 9328MB 9328MB 131kB vbmeta_system_b 26 9328MB 9396MB 67.1MB logdump 27 9396MB 9530MB 134MB minidump 28 9530MB 9664MB 134MB rawdump 29 9664MB 10.7GB 1074MB ext4 cust 30 10.7GB 10.9GB 134MB ext4 rescue ``` Note the end of the last partition in the above list, 10.9GB, this number will be used as the start of the new `userdata` partition, followed by the end of the partition. Let say that we want to make an approx 40GB `userdata` partition using the following command: ``` (parted) mkpart userdata 10.9GB 50GB mkpart userdata 10.9GB 50GB #If you added "ext4" behind the "userdata" text, your data will be erased when you reboot. ``` Between `userdata` and 10.9GB are 3 spaces, one of them replace the partition type flag, it is important to use 3 spaces at this step. Run print again to see the results. ``` (parted) print print Model: SAMSUNG KLUDG4UHDC-B0E1 (scsi) Disk /dev/block/sda: 126GB Sector size (logical/physical): 4096B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 24.6kB 32.8kB 8192B switch 2 32.8kB 65.5kB 32.8kB ssd 3 65.5kB 98.3kB 32.8kB dbg 4 98.3kB 131kB 32.8kB bk01 5 131kB 262kB 131kB bk02 6 262kB 524kB 262kB bk03 7 524kB 1049kB 524kB bk04 8 1049kB 1573kB 524kB keystore 9 1573kB 2097kB 524kB frp 10 2097kB 4194kB 2097kB countrycode 11 4194kB 8389kB 4194kB misc 12 8389kB 12.6MB 4194kB vm-data 13 12.6MB 16.8MB 4194kB bk06 14 16.8MB 25.2MB 8389kB logfs 15 25.2MB 33.6MB 8389kB ffu 16 33.6MB 50.3MB 16.8MB oops 17 50.3MB 67.1MB 16.8MB devinfo 18 67.1MB 83.9MB 16.8MB oem_misc1 19 83.9MB 101MB 16.8MB ext4 metadata 20 101MB 134MB 32.9MB bk08 21 134MB 168MB 34.2MB splash 22 168MB 201MB 33.6MB bk09 23 201MB 9328MB 9127MB super 24 9328MB 9328MB 131kB vbmeta_system_a 25 9328MB 9328MB 131kB vbmeta_system_b 26 9328MB 9396MB 67.1MB logdump 27 9396MB 9530MB 134MB minidump 28 9530MB 9664MB 134MB rawdump 29 9664MB 10.7GB 1074MB ext4 cust 30 10.7GB 10.9GB 134MB ext4 rescue 31 10.9GB 50.0GB 39.1GB userdata ``` Exit the parted tool finally. Now `userdata` resizing is done. Restart your tablet to apply changes. {% hint style="info" %} Here comes a fun thing: Android stores your data inside the `userdata` partition. When you reset your Android device to its factory default settings, your data will be erased. This is because factory reset is equal to format the `userdata` partition using ext4 filesystem. However, if you delete the `userdata` partition and recreate it without formating, your data will be saved after a reboot. Probably because Android can fix this problem automatically. {% endhint %} {% hint style="danger" %} If you added "ext4" behind the "userdata" text, your data will be erased when you reboot. {% endhint %} #### Install new system Enter fastboot mode and repeat the [previous steps](https://github.com/Android-Piepaint/Linux-for-nabu-website/blob/main/installation-guide/install-ubuntu-on-your-tablet-legacy-images-only.md#partition-the-ufs). We'll use the free space for our installation: ``` (parted) mkpart pmos ext4 50.0GB 126GB mkpart pmos ext4 50.0GB 126GB ``` The output will look like this: ``` (parted) print free print free Model: SAMSUNG KLUDG4UHDC-B0E1 (scsi) Disk /dev/block/sda: 126GB Sector size (logical/physical): 4096B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 12.3kB 24.6kB 12.3kB Free Space 1 24.6kB 32.8kB 8192B switch 2 32.8kB 65.5kB 32.8kB ssd 3 65.5kB 98.3kB 32.8kB dbg 4 98.3kB 131kB 32.8kB bk01 5 131kB 262kB 131kB bk02 6 262kB 524kB 262kB bk03 7 524kB 1049kB 524kB bk04 8 1049kB 1573kB 524kB keystore 9 1573kB 2097kB 524kB frp 10 2097kB 4194kB 2097kB countrycode 11 4194kB 8389kB 4194kB misc 12 8389kB 12.6MB 4194kB vm-data 13 12.6MB 16.8MB 4194kB bk06 14 16.8MB 25.2MB 8389kB logfs 15 25.2MB 33.6MB 8389kB ffu 16 33.6MB 50.3MB 16.8MB oops 17 50.3MB 67.1MB 16.8MB devinfo 18 67.1MB 83.9MB 16.8MB oem_misc1 19 83.9MB 101MB 16.8MB ext4 metadata 20 101MB 134MB 32.9MB bk08 21 134MB 168MB 34.2MB splash 22 168MB 201MB 33.6MB bk09 23 201MB 9328MB 9127MB super 24 9328MB 9328MB 131kB vbmeta_system_a 25 9328MB 9328MB 131kB vbmeta_system_b 26 9328MB 9396MB 67.1MB logdump 27 9396MB 9530MB 134MB minidump 28 9530MB 9664MB 134MB rawdump 29 9664MB 10.7GB 1074MB ext4 cust 30 10.7GB 10.9GB 134MB ext4 rescue 10.9GB 10.9GB 786kB Free Space 31 10.9GB 50.0GB 39.1GB userdata 32 50.0GB 126.0GB 76.0GB ext4 pmos ``` Exit the parted tool and reboot once again. Now we need to check which slot Android is installed. {% hint style="info" %} **NOTE:** The concept of "slot" probably unfamiliar for you, since it was included in Android 10 as a feature, which called "**Dynamic Partitions**". Dynamic partitions are a userspace partitioning system for Android. About its further infomations, [located here](https://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/dynamic_partitions/implement). {% endhint %} You can check this information via `fastboot` . Command is listed below: ``` fastboot getvar current-slot current-slot: b Finished. Total time: 0.004s ``` Force select Slot A as active slot: ``` fastboot set_active a Setting current slot to 'a' OKAY [ 0.049s] Finished. Total time: 0.064s ``` Now, we are ready to flash the system image. But before we start, we need to disable Android Verified Boot (AVB) feature, otherwise it will prevent booting Linux. {% hint style="info" %} AVB is implementation of verified boot process, current version (since Android 8 Oreo) is called AVB 2.0. Verified boot is a process of assuring the end user of the integrity of the software running on a device. It typically starts with a read-only portion of the device firmware which loads code and executes it only after cryptographically verifying that the code is authentic. It also helps in implementing rollback protection. More information and technical details, [located here.](https://wiki.postmarketos.org/wiki/Android_Verified_Boot_\(AVB\)) {% endhint %} Flash the `vbmeta` with `vbmeta_disabled.img` to disable this feature: ``` fastboot flash vbmeta_a vbmeta_disabled.img Sending 'vbmeta_a' (4 KB) OKAY [ 0.007s] Writing 'vbmeta_a' OKAY [ 0.003s] Finished. Total time: 0.048s ``` Erase Android `DTBO` partition, we do not need it, but if present will be loaded and will prevent our boot. If you want to boot your system via UEFI, skip this. ``` fastboot erase dtbo_a Erasing 'dtbo_a' OKAY [ 0.007s] Finished. Total time: 0.022s ``` Flash `boot.img :` ``` flash boot_a boot.img Sending 'boot_a' (13052 KB) OKAY [ 0.327s] Writing 'boot_a' OKAY [ 0.052s] Finished. Total time: 0.663s ``` Flash `rootfs` image, please use the partition name you created, this process will take a while, grab another beer. ``` fastboot flash partition_name /path/to/rootfs.img ``` Finally, reboot and you are ready to rock! [^1]: